essays: water crises, problem of kashmir

 

Two Important Essays for ADP/ADA/ADS (part-1 and part-2)

1.Water Crisis-Diamer Bhasha Dam

Outlines : 

1. What is Diamer Bhasha Dam and its location?

2. The purposes and initial decisions

3. Yousaf Raza Gillani laid the foundation stone of the project

4. Water crisis- a dire crisis in Pakistan

5. Reports presented by International Monetary Fund-IMF

6. The present state of Terbela and Mangla Dams

7. Reasons behind water scarcity in Pakistan

8. Measures to cope with the problem

9. Conclusion

Diamer Bhasha dam is a concrete filled gravity dam which is going to be constructed on the
river Indus in Gilgit Baltistan.The name of the place where dam is being constructed is Bhasha
in Diamer one of the districts of Gilgit Baltistan,Pakistan

In January 2006, the country president of that time Pervez Musharraf announced the decision
to construct five multipurposesدﺻﺎﻘﻣﻟارﯾژﮐ storage dams in the country during the next 10 to 12
years. It was proposedید زﯾوﺟﺗ that Diamer Bhasha Dam would be constructed first.

Its foundation stoneدﺎﯾﻧ ُﺑ ِﮓﻧﺳ was laid by then Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani.The work on
dam started but at a snail s’ paceﮯﺳ رﺎﺗﻓر ہﺗﺳﮨآ. The main problem that faced was the acquisition
لوﺻﺣof the land and providing an alternativeلدﺎﺑﺗ ُﻣ settling of the people living at that area. After
completion it would be the highest roller compacted concrete dam in the world.

Among all the looming challenges that Pakistan is facing, water crisis is the most critical
problemہﻠﺳﻣ نﯾﮕﻧﺳ of the country. Whenever the water crisis is talked of, the problem is
politicizedﺎﻧﯾد ﮓﻧر ﯽﺳﺎﯾﺳ. Not knowing the densityتدﺷ of the problem, the politiciansنادﺗﺳﺎﯾﺳ have
only done politicsتﺳﺎﯾﺳ.

According to a recent report of International Monetary Fund هرادا ﯽﺗﺎﯾﻟﺎﻣ ﯽﻣاوﻗﻻا نﯾﺑ (IMF) Pakistan
ranks third in the world among the countries facing acuteدﯾ دﺷ water shortage. Pakistan will reach
acute water scarcityتﻠﻗ by 2025.This problem and scarcity will be so severe that to cope with it
would be an uphill task.مﺎﮐ لﮑﺷ ُﻣ

Terbela and Mangla dams, the country two major reservoirsرﺋﺎﺧذ have reached their dead level.
Pakistan can save water only for 30 days. India has the capacity to store water for 190 days.
America has the water storage capacity for 900 days. From these stats, one can guess the
density of the water crisis in Pakistan.

Reasons behind this water crisis are numerousرﺎﻣﺷ ﮯﺑ and countless. After Mangla and
Terbela dams no dam has been constructed in the country for the past 30 years exceptﮯﺋاوﺳ ﺎﻣ
paper work and building castles in the air. For the past few years, urbanization لﻘﻧ فرط ﯽﮐ ںورﮩﺷ
ﯽﻧﺎﮑﻣ has reached to an unpredictedنﺎﯾﺑ ِلﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﻧ level in Pakistan. Cities are expanding, water usage
increased and a scarcity of fresh clean water occurred. Population of Pakistan has multiplied.
The limited water resources are being distributed among more people. The usage of water has
increased. So the shortage of water is natural. Water wastage ratio is greater than water saving
ratio.
A serious climate changeﯽﻠﯾدﺑﺗ ﯽﺗﺎﯾﻟوﺣﺎﻣ is occurring in the region. Summer season has expanded
and winter season has reduced to only two months. Glaciers are melting rapidly and that water
is going to the sea. Pakistan has a poor water management system. No serious efforts are made
to store the water .Moon Soon passes without showering rain. Water channels –river and canal
are losing their storage capacity due to sedimentation and siltڑﭼﯾﮐ،تﯾر. To handle the problem
no political will is observed.

Now, the Supreme Court of Pakistan with the cooperation of the present government are
working fast to handle the problem. Diamer Bhasha Dam is being constructing on emergency
level. Though it is a costly project but work is being started with K2 will.
This project, after completion, will generate and produce 4,500 Megawatts of electricity. This
Dam would have the capacity to store 8,500,000 acre feet of water that would be used for
irrigationﯽﺷﺎﭘ بآ and drinking. This dam would expand the life of Terbela and Mangla Dams. It
would help in controlling floods.

Summing up the discussion, we can say that water crisis is getting severe in Pakistan. Diamer
Bhasha Dam is the first way to cope with this water shortage to a great extent. A strong political
will is needed to accomplish this project.

2.The Problem of Kashmir 

Outlines : 

1. The beginning and nature of issue

2. The UNO s’ efforts

3. The stance of Pakistan and India on Kashmir

4. The Current situation of the Kashmir problem

5. Abrogation of article 370 and 35 A

6. Threats of Nuclear war between the two countries

7. The ultimate solution of the problem

It was the part of 3rd June 1947 plan that the state of Kashmir could join India or Pakistan, bearing
in mind the geographical situation, the composition of the people and the wishes of the people.
But the Maharaja of Kashmir made a bondهدﮨﺎﻌﻣ with India and joined India against the wishes of
the Kashmiris and ignoringﺎﻧرﮐزادﻧارظﻧ the strong geographicalﯽﺋﺎﯾﻓارﻐ ُﺟ situation. A strong
movement started in the valley of Kashmir. India imposed a war on Pakistan. Pakistan forces
almost gained one-third of the area. A cease fireیدﻧﺑ ﮓﻧﺟ was imposed in the valley.

India went to the UNO and there passed a resolutionدادرارﻗ that the decision of Kashmir would
be done through a plebisciteﮯﺋار ِباوﺻﺗﺳا. A referendum would decide whether Kashmiris want
to join India or Pakistan. India was well aware of the fact that more than 90 percent Muslims
would like to join Pakistan. So, India showed unwillingnessﯽﭘﺳﭼﻟد مدﻋ in plebiscite and made the
valley a military state.تﺳﺎﯾر ﯽﺟوﻓ

Pakistan and India have fought many big wars over this dispute. India is not giving the right of
self-determinationتﯾدارا دوﺧ ِقﺣ to the people of Kashmir and committing many atrocitiesمﻠ ُظ on
them. There is a strong human rights violation in Kashmir by India. Now the both countries are
nuclear power. Kashmir cause is a permanent source of tension between Pakistan and India.
Now this war would be different.

In this continent there are three highly powerful and populated countries: Pakistan, India and
China. And all these countries have atomic weapons. As India has dispute of Kashmir with
Pakistan, it has same dispute with China over Ladakhخادﻟ.AS Pakistan and India have fought
many wars over Kashmir, same like many wars have been fought between China and India. If a
war breaks now it would destroy the peace of Asia and if there is no peace in Asia, there is no
peace in the world. This war would convert into 3rd world war.

Presently India has abrogatedﺎﯾد رﮐ مﺗﺧ article 370 and 35A in Kashmir. Article 370 gives a special
privilegeقﺣ یزﺎﯾﺗﻣا to the people of Kashmir in maintaining their princely state status with their
own separate flag. Article 35-A says that no Hindu can permanently settle and seek job in
Kashmir nor can buy any property in Kashmir.

It means that now special status of Kashmir has been snatched away. Government of India
would settleﯽﮔﮯﺋﺎﺳﺑ Hindus in Kashmir. Violence would be created and genocideﯽﺷ ُﮐ لﺳﻧ of
Muslim Kashmiris would start. Hindus would get majority in Kashmir and then a referendum as
per the UNO would be conducted. Indian Government would annexﺎﻧﯾﻟ ﻼ ِﻣ Kashmir permanently
with India.

This act of India got the attention not only of Pakistan but of the world. At once Security Council
held a sessionسﻼﺟ ِا and put a pressure on India to avoid atrocities and violence in Kashmir.
Pakistan has cut off its diplomatic and trade with India. Now this issue has got world attention. It
is hoped that it would be resolved soon.